Aeroplane.



G. r. A. MQDUUGALL.

AEROPLANE. APPLICATION 'FILED MIP-T.4 20, 1910.

vf 1HE 5m mf 6H. SH da .man m Gga KA M=DQ www@ l UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE.

GEORGE F. A. MUDOUGALL. F DORCHESTER,'MASSACHUSETTS- EBOPL'ANE.

i Specioation of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 5, 1911.

Application led September 20, l1910. Serial No. 582,907.

To all whom it mayconcem:

Be it known that I, GEORGE F. A. McDou- GALL, a citizen of the United States, residin at Dorchester, inthe county of ySuffo k and State yof Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Aero lanes, of which the following is a speci cation, reference being had tio -in the following de-scr the'sa'rne reference characters.

purpose ,of illustration and clearness.

wing y lanesand 'betweenthe therein to theV accompanying drawings.

` My'invention relates to lmprovements in aeroplanes of that type known as mono-y planes and resembling somewhat ,the form of a bird. y n

` The object .of my invention is the providing of an aeroplane so constructedas'toV allow of a much quicker getaway; which will have much greater speed; which can' also be propelle through the air very slowl-y; `and which will have great air climbin power. i

n A stil further object is the construction of an' aeroplane '-which will turn in extremel small circles without th tilting of the bo y of the machine as is now necessary,

with! the well known types of aeroplanes.

With these objects in view, this invention consists in certain novel features of construction, and in certain parts, improvements, and combinations aswill be hereinafter fully i is a ,planr view of my invention withpart of the' hood plane broken away to better illustrate the motors and. adjacent' parts.,l Fig; 2 is a side .elevation ofthe same. fFig.' 31s a frontelevation'of the same, the rear/portion of the machine being-omitted forthe ig. 4is a perspective view of the rudder.

lCorresponding and like parts tion and indie `drawings 'by the Vaber' 1- if cated iinall the-'views rof t Referring-5to the drawings,

' the chassis which supports the engines ory motors 2 and' is constructedlof any light tbut Ystrong" h h the plane of the'main plane 4. and the inner sides of from points beneath theinner sides ofthe ointsn'l' V,8. This c heme-work;

ssisfwould ajlSO contain of the aviator, 'end ,snpports-.fthe 9 on which'the startlngwheels supports a forward bearin described in this sp'eciiication and-set forth in the claims.

` In the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1" 4vItwill are referred" material and is situated-j-beneath thewing planes 5' andG, -extending" ejseat'(not 4 end; ofthe mini-z imam-.1311* @en-mi@ .per part 13 ofthe frame-work,12,above chassis supports a semi-cylindrical hoodl 174 which. extends forward with i downwardly inclined sides 18 that 4extend forward to a point or nose at the top of the forward rod l14 of the frame-work 12; .theforwardj or'-` tons Vof the frame-work 12 alsofextcn forward to a pointwhere they are conne t by the rod 14,' the lower `portion fof? which 1 5 for .the-downinclined driving aft 1110i theeri gine 2 which drives the forward downwardly inclined pro eller 16f which `when the machine is running 'with its wheels "10 wardly and .2O onlevel ground lwill 'only be'slghtly inclined downward. Should `-tlie aft, porftion of themachine -riseinto the air as it naturally would soon do. 'after the Propellershave beenstarted, the .incline o the forward propeller will'have a tendency-to raisethe forward portion ofthe 4machine,` andthe` greater the downward incline theV ter the power for :raising the nose 'of .t e' ma; chi-ne.l g'

be noticed that I have inclined this forward engine 2' so -as to drivethe propeller 16 byV a ldirect shaft 11'; also thatl therear wheel 20 is of smaller diameter than' the'forward 'wheels 10 and thatV the vertical frame'- work 19 is muchshorter thanthe l@artica-l frame-work-9 sof-that'the entire'- bbdy'fbfg-the machine land the main plane. =4.has"a forward lupward incline. 'The mslini plane 4 -in'wiflfh milite-.lfm aaien ,armata-"thas, @bewusst-,porca ai ma t f 21 of the machine lextends down point commencing below fthe vthe wheels of considerablel is commencingat almost a point',l just-zufabove The wing planes 5, 6 are ml'mnted as at 27, 28 on the ends of the divided or twopart shaft 26 and are operated respectively y the hand wheels 29, 30 thereon, each wing plane being operated indel'fcndent of the other and locked in position by any means 31, 32.' These wing planes have the strengthening ribs 25 and the camber of same depend entirely on the power of the engine and sizeof the propellers 49 and 50, p

which propellers are situated under the forward portions ofthe wing planes, the wing planesy being so constructed. as to catch a portionof the air forced rearward which tends to raise the forward portion or chassis part of the machine from off of the ground. Either-wing plane can be. tilted to catch more or less of the air forced against their under sides; by forcing down their aft part a greater amount of air is caught which tends to raise the machine and by lowering the fore part the air pushed rearward by the propellers 49 or 50 will pass beneath the wing plane without having any effect upon it, as in the type of a ropeller such as will be used upon this mac ine the air will beP forced rearward in columns having a diameter not much greater than that' of the propeller and the air columns will not begin to increase much in diameter until they ave passed `from beneath the wing planes. The propellers 49, 50 are mounted in bearings 55, 56 .on the side arms 51, 52 and are connected with the ,engine 3, respectively by the sprocket chains 53, 54. If defsired the lmachine may be started into the Y air with only the -propeller 16 in motion or with. the propellers 49, 50 in motion. and the propeller 16 still. After the machine has obtained the necessary'height and great speed is desired, the aft end of the wing p anes can be raised sc that its top 'from front to rear will be nearly horizontal and parallel with the upper portion 13 of the ramefwork 12 so as to allowthe air forced fromthe-propellers 49, 50 to pass the Inachine .w-ithout friction or. retarding the machine. in any degree by being forced .against part of it.

Secured to the central one of the rear rods .23 is a bar 28 terminating, in -a yoke 34 lb coming in contact the yoke,

through which extends the bar 36 pivoted therein on the in 35- and havin the shoulders 37- above t e yoke for limitmg the tilt ing of the rudder planes 40, 41, 43, and 45,

sldes of .the yoke on' their extreme clown` ward position and on the forward portion' of these upper sides on their extreme upward ositlon in order to allow both vertical and horizontal movement of the rudder planes I construct the bar 36 with a diameter, in that ortion extending through whichns less than the dlstance between; the fingers of the yoke 34 so that the withv the rear upper v bar 36 can be twisted or turned around on the pivot pin horizontally and in order to allow a free u'iovement of same I enlarge the hole in the bar 36 through which the pivot pin extends enough to allow a swinging'moven'ient o'l this har;'tl1e up and down positoins being controlled by the wires 38, 3'9which extend forward on the right hand. slde of the machine to the hand or control wheel 48. About midway of the bar 28 is the collar 33 secured thereto from which extend the rods 27, 30, 31 and 32; the length of the combined vertical rods 27 and 30 being less than the length of the bar 36 so that the wlres 38, 39 incline toward each other, when taut, as they extend from the bar 36 to the rods 27, 30. i

The rudder planes extend below the yoke from the bar 36, being made integral with this bar 36 and in no way connected with the yoke except through the pivot pin 35. as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 4; theupper vertical -rudder plane 40 being partly recessed at its forward portion to allow these planes to be inclined upward, as shown in Fig; The horizontal planes 43, 45 are' controlled in horizontal movement hy the wlres 42, 44 which extend from near their rear edgesland through the rods 31, 32 to the' hand or control wheel or `steering gear 47 on the left hand side of the machine; the wire 44 extending through an open-ing 46 in the canvas keel 21, see Fig. 2. The combined length ofthe two rods 31 and 32 1s less thanA the distance from the point on t e edge of the rudder plane 43 where-the wire 42 is attached`to the point where the opposite Wire 44 is attached to the rudder plane so that these wires incline toward each other as they leave the rudder planes and extend toward the rods 31 and 32. The rod 36 pivoted in the yoke on the pin 3'5`allows the four'rudder planes to bc swung to the right or lleft,

also allows the vertical rudder planesv to be 4swung toward the horizontal, and also allows the horizontal rudder planesto be swung toward the vertical.

Having thus described my invention, I

claim 1. In an aeroplane, 'a chassis, a horizontal main plane entirely rearward of the chassis, a keel extending downward from the main plane, rudder planes rearward of the keel and main plane, an engine, propellers on each side of the chassis driven by the engine,I a secondary engine forward of the other engine, and a'central forward downwardly inclined propeller driven by the seconda-1P' engine.

2. n an aeroplane, a chassis, pivoted win planes on each side of the chassis,A a hor1zorital flight lpropeller under thel forward portion of each wing plane, means for driving said propellers from the.,chassis,'

means for'tilting said wing planes, a main 13 ing shaf ,forward portions of the wing planes,

mounted approximately at the same heivht as the highest portionof the inclined driv- 4. In an aeroplane, a chassis, a keel extending rearward from the chassis the lower side of-which -is inclined, a flat main plane entirely rearward of the chassis covering the upper side of the keel, a rearward extending bar having a yoke shaped end, a

pivot pin extending across the yoke, a bar' extendingY through the yoke and mounted on r thepivot pin, vertical and horizontal rudder planes integrally formed and secured to the pivoted bar, a steering gear, wires connecting the steering gear with the outer edges of. the horizontal rudder planes, a control wheel and wires connecting the top and -bottom portions of the pivoted bar wit the control wheel.

5. Anaeroplane comprising a chassis, wing 4planes ivoted on each1 side thereof,- Propellers. un er each win plane, means for drivin the propellers, a ood having a V- shape forward nose, a. main plane extending rearward from the chassis, a keel extending downward from the chassis the lower edge of which is on arlevel with the Hoor of the chassis, a vertical rod extending downward from the rear ortion of the main plane, a bar 28 exten ing rearward from 'the same and having a yoke at its outer end, a vertical bar extending through the yoke and pivoted therein, rudder planes rigidly mounted to the vertical ivoted bar, a collar, rods extending outward therefrom and steering means extending from the piv-` oted bar and horizontal. rudder planes through said rods, substantially as shown and described. v

6. An aeroplane consisting of a framework, wing planes, a rearward extending V- shaped main plane having its widest portion at the rear, a keel extend-ing downward from the main plane at right an les thereto, horizontal and vertical rudder planes pivotally mounted in the rear thereof, means for turning the rudder planes in vertical and horizontal directions, horizontal flight propellers mounted on each side of the framework beneath the forward ortion ofeach wing plane, a propeller at t e extreme forward part of the machine slightly inclined downward from the horizontal, and means for operating one wing plane'independent of the other :wing plane, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I aii'xy my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE A. MCDOUGALL.

A Witnesses:

CHARLES F. A. SMITH, RICHARD L. HoWLET'r. 

